{"id":49519,"date":"2021-07-26T08:37:57","date_gmt":"2021-07-26T06:37:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smarthealth.live\/?p=49519"},"modified":"2021-07-26T08:43:57","modified_gmt":"2021-07-26T06:43:57","slug":"la-medtechn-francaise-carmat-lance-un-coeur-artificiel-complet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smarthealth.live\/fr\/2021\/07\/26\/la-medtechn-francaise-carmat-lance-un-coeur-artificiel-complet\/","title":{"rendered":"La medtechn fran\u00e7aise Carmat, lance un c\u0153ur artificiel complet"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de technologie m\u00e9dicale Carmat a r\u00e9cemment franchi deux \u00e9tapes majeures en d\u00e9veloppant un c\u0153ur enti\u00e8rement artificiel, Aeson. Depuis quelques ann\u00e9es, le nombre de donneurs n\u2019a cess\u00e9 de diminuer entra\u00eenant une attente souvent trop longue pour les patients ayant besoin d'une transplantation cardiaque. Ainsi, de nombreux malades meurent pr\u00e9matur\u00e9ment, avant m\u00eame d\u2019avoir la chance d\u2019\u00eatre appel\u00e9s pour se faire op\u00e9rer. Le c\u0153ur artificiel de Carmat pourrait alors offrir une solution de transition.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La medtechn tricolore vient de franchir une nouvelle \u00e9tape. Apr\u00e8s treize ann\u00e9es d\u2019efforts, elle vient de vendre son premier c\u0153ur artificiel commercialis\u00e9 sous la marque Aeson. La proth\u00e8se a \u00e9t\u00e9 implant\u00e9e sur un patient cardiaque italien, afin de servir de relais dans l\u2019attente d\u2019une greffe. Toutes les chirurgies ne sont pas sans risque, surtout celles concernant cet organe vital. L\u2019utilisation d\u2019un c\u0153ur artificiel peut entra\u00eener de graves complications de sant\u00e9, telles que des infections ou encore des caillots sanguins. Mais, l'op\u00e9ration r\u00e9alis\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00f4pital Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli de Naples s\u2019est av\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00eatre un franc succ\u00e8s. Son co\u00fbt financier, sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 150 000 euros, a \u00e9t\u00e9 pris en charge pour le \u00ab syst\u00e8me r\u00e9gional de sant\u00e9 \u00bb. Un remboursement national est envisag\u00e9, mais n\u2019aura pas lieu apr\u00e8s \u00ab plusieurs ann\u00e9es d\u2019utilisation \u00bb.<\/p>\n<h3>Un int\u00e9r\u00eat marqu\u00e9 pour l'Allemagne<\/h3>\n<p>Le c\u0153ur artificiel est utilis\u00e9 comme une aide provisoire afin de maintenir en vie les patients en phase finale d'insuffisance cardiaque qui doivent subir une transplantation dans les six mois. Fin 2020, apr\u00e8s des ann\u00e9es de recherche, l'entreprise a re\u00e7u le marquage CE n\u00e9cessaire pour proposer ce nouvel outil sur le march\u00e9 de l'UE. Depuis, ce projet, partiellement financ\u00e9 par la Banque europ\u00e9enne d'investissement, se d\u00e9veloppe principalement en Allemagne. Vingt h\u00f4pitaux allemands sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans \u00ab l'assistance m\u00e9canique \u00bb ont manifest\u00e9 leur int\u00e9r\u00eat. Cinq h\u00f4pitaux re\u00e7oivent d\u00e9j\u00e0 une formation et s\u00e9lectionnent actuellement des candidats potentiels pour l'Aeson.<\/p>\n<h3>Fonctionnalit\u00e9 d'un c\u0153ur artificiel<\/h3>\n<p>Contrairement aux autres mod\u00e8les d\u00e9j\u00e0 commercialis\u00e9s, le c\u0153ur artificiel Aeson remplace l'int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 de l\u2019organe et non partiellement. Il ressemble donc \u00e0 un c\u0153ur \u00ab naturel \u00bb et assure les m\u00eames fonctions. Par exemple, le c\u0153ur artificiel est constitu\u00e9 de deux ventricules et de quatre valves biologiques. Les sorties servent d'ouvertures vers l'art\u00e8re pulmonaire et l'aorte. Fabriqu\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de polyur\u00e9thane, un plastique solide et \u00e9lastique, et des tissus cardiaques de vache, un mat\u00e9riau naturel, sa composition sp\u00e9cifique a \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9e pour pr\u00e9venir des probl\u00e8mes de coagulation qui se produisent lorsque le sang entre en contact avec des mat\u00e9riaux plastiques.<\/p>\n<p>Autre avantage : une amplitude plus large de mouvements permettant davantage de libert\u00e9 aux patients. N\u00e9anmoins, ils doivent constamment porter un sac pesant environ quatre kilos contenant un contr\u00f4leur, deux batteries rechargeables et du liquide de commande. Ces mat\u00e9riaux sont indispensables pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer le battement du c\u0153ur. Des capteurs et des microprocesseurs d\u00e9terminent ensuite comment le c\u0153ur artificiel doit pomper. Le rythme va donc diff\u00e9rer selon les individus. Enfin, les patients doivent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement changer les piles (plusieurs fois par jour).<\/p>\n<h3>Premi\u00e8re op\u00e9ration de c\u0153ur artificiel int\u00e9gral aux \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n<p>L\u2019entreprise Carmat a \u00e9galement brill\u00e9 aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Le 15 juillet dernier, des chirurgiens de l'h\u00f4pital universitaire de Duke ont transplant\u00e9 le premier c\u0153ur artificiel complet, en Caroline du Nord. L'op\u00e9ration faisait partie d\u2019une \u00e9tude clinique afin d\u2019obtenir l'approbation de la FDA (Food and drug administration). Trois autres centres am\u00e9ricains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9s et trient actuellement sur le volet les prochaines personnes \u00e0 op\u00e9rer.<\/p>\n<p>Le premier patient ayant subi l\u2019op\u00e9ration souffrait d\u2019une insuffisance cardiaque et avait besoin de toute urgence d'un pontage. Malheureusement, son \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 ne permettait pas d\u2019envisager une transplantation cardiaque classique. Heureusement, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 soign\u00e9 dans l'un des centres pilotes o\u00f9 Carmat teste son c\u0153ur artificiel complet. Depuis, dix patients \u00e9ligibles \u00e0 la transplantation doivent \u00eatre recrut\u00e9s dans cet essai dont le protocole d\u2019\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 approuv\u00e9 par la FDA. Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, pas moins de 100 000 nouveaux cas d'insuffisance cardiaque sont d\u00e9clar\u00e9s chaque ann\u00e9e dont seuls 4 % sont de bons candidats pour une transplantation cardiaque. Les autres b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d'une implantation d'un c\u0153ur artificiel complet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le premier c\u0153ur artificiel complet commercialis\u00e9 par Carmat vient d\u2019\u00eatre implant\u00e9 chez un patient italien.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":49461,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4652],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49519","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nouvelles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.8 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La medtechn fran\u00e7aise Carmat, lance un c\u0153ur artificiel complet - Smarthealth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le premier c\u0153ur artificiel complet 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